536-n.Chr.-Ereignis - Literatur

Arjava, Antti. „The Mystery Cloud of 536 CE in the Mediterranean Sources“. Dumbarton Oaks Papers 59 (2005): 73–94. https://doi.org/10.2307/4128751.

Arrhenius, Birgit. „Helgö in the Shadow of the Dust Veil 536-37“. Journal of Archaeology and Ancient History (JAAH), Nr. 5 (2013). http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:616030.

Baillie, M. G. L. „Marking in Marker Dates: Towards an Archaeology with Historical Precision“. World Archaeology 23, Nr. 2 (1991): 233–43. http://www.jstor.org/stable/124746.

Baillie, M. G. L., und J. McAneney. „Tree ring effects and ice core acidities clarify the volcanic record of the first millennium“. Clim. Past 11, Nr. 1 (16. Januar 2015): 105–14. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-105-2015.

Baillie, M.G.L. „Dendrochronology Raises Questions about the Nature of the AD 536 Dust-Veil Event“. The Holocene 4, Nr. 2 (1. Juni 1994): 212–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/095968369400400211.

Baillie, Mike. „The Case for Significant Numbers of Extraterrestrial Impacts through the Late Holocene“. Journal of Quaternary Science 22, Nr. 2 (1. Februar 2007): 101–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1099.

Churakova (Sidorova), Olga V., Marina V. Bryukhanova, Matthias Saurer, Tatjana Boettger, Mukhtar M. Naurzbaev, Vladimir S. Myglan, Eugene A. Vaganov, Malcolm K. Hughes, und Rolf T. W. Siegwolf. „A cluster of stratospheric volcanic eruptions in the AD 530s recorded in Siberian tree rings“. Global and Planetary Change 122 (November 2014): 140–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.08.015.

Churakova (Sidorova), Olga V., Marina V. Bryukhanova, Matthias Saurer, Tatjana Boettger, Mukhtar M. Naurzbaev, Vladimir S. Myglan, Eugene A. Vaganov, Malcolm K. Hughes, und Rolf T. W. Siegwolf. „A Cluster of Stratospheric Volcanic Eruptions in the AD 530s Recorded in Siberian Tree Rings“. Global and Planetary Change 122 (1. November 2014): 140–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.08.015.

D’Arrigo, Rosanne, David Frank, Gordon Jacoby, und Neil Pederson. „Spatial Response to Major Volcanic Events in or about AD 536, 934 and 1258: Frost Rings and Other Dendrochronological Evidence from Mongolia and Northern Siberia: Comment on R. B. Stothers, ‘Volcanic Dry Fogs, Climate Cooling, and Plague Pandemics in Europe and the Middle East’ (Climatic Change, 42, 1999)“. Climatic Change 49, Nr. 1–2 (1. April 2001): 239–46. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010727122905.

Dull, Robert A., John R. Southon, Steffen Kutterolf, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, Armin Freundt, David B. Wahl, Payson Sheets, u. a. „Radiocarbon and geologic evidence reveal Ilopango volcano as source of the colossal ‘mystery’ eruption of 539/40 CE“. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16. August 2019, 105855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.07.037.

Engvild, Kjeld C. „A review of the risks of sudden global cooling and its effects on agriculture“. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 115, Nr. 3–4 (30. März 2003): 127–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00253-8.

Gibbons, Ann. „Why 536 was ‘the worst year to be alive’“. Science, 15. November 2018. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/11/why-536-was-worst-year-be-alive.

Gräslund, Bo, und Neil Price. „Twilight of the gods? The ‘dust veil event’ of AD 536 in critical perspective“. Antiquity 86, Nr. 332 (Juni 2012): 428–43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00062852.

Grattan, J. P, und F. B Pyatt. „Volcanic eruptions dry fogs and the European palaeoenvironmental record: localised phenomena or hemispheric impacts?“ Global and Planetary Change 21, Nr. 1–3 (Juli 1999): 173–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(99)00013-2.

Gunn, Joel, Hrsg. The years without summer: tracing A.D. 536 and its aftermath. BAR international series 872. Oxford, England: Archaeopress, 2000.

Haldon, John, Hugh Elton, Sabine R. Huebner, Adam Izdebski, Lee Mordechai, und Timothy P. Newfield. „Plagues, Climate Change, and the End of an Empire: A Response to Kyle Harper’s The Fate of Rome (1): Climate“. History Compass 16, Nr. 12 (2018): e12508. https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12508.

Haldon, John, Hugh Elton, Sabine R. Huebner, Adam Izdebski, Lee Mordechai, und Timothy P. Newfield. „Plagues, Climate Change, and the End of an Empire. A Response to Kyle Harper’s The Fate of Rome (2): Plagues and a Crisis of Empire“. History Compass 16, Nr. 12 (2018): e12506. https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12506.

Haldon, John, Hugh Elton, Sabine R. Huebner, Adam Izdebski, Lee Mordechai, und Timothy P. Newfield. „Plagues, Climate Change, and the End of an Empire: A Response to Kyle Harper’s The Fate of Rome (3): Disease, Agency, and Collapse“. History Compass 16, Nr. 12 (2018): e12507. https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12507.

Helama, Samuli, Laura Arppe, Joonas Uusitalo, Jari Holopainen, Hanna M. Mäkelä, Harri Mäkinen, Kari Mielikäinen, u. a. „Volcanic Dust Veils from Sixth Century Tree-Ring Isotopes Linked to Reduced Irradiance, Primary Production and Human Health“. Scientific Reports 8, Nr. 1 (22. Januar 2018): 1339. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19760-w.

Helama, Samuli, Markus Stoffel, Richard J. Hall, Phil D. Jones, Laura Arppe, Vladimir V. Matskovsky, Mauri Timonen, Pekka Nöjd, Kari Mielikäinen, und Markku Oinonen. „Recurrent Transitions to Little Ice Age-like Climatic Regimes over the Holocene“. Climate Dynamics 56, Nr. 11 (1. Juni 2021): 3817–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05669-0.

Hirst, K. Kris. „Dust Veil of AD 536 - Widespread Environmental Disaster“. About.com Archaeology (blog), Maz 2016. http://archaeology.about.com/od/medieval/qt/Dust-Veil-of-AD-536.htm.

Kilb, Andreas. „Von Geisterschiffen und Gespensterwetter.“ Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung. 8. März 2020.

Larsen, L. B., B. M. Vinther, K. R. Briffa, T. M. Melvin, H. B. Clausen, P. D. Jones, M.-L. Siggaard-Andersen, u. a. „New Ice Core Evidence for a Volcanic Cause of the A.D. 536 Dust Veil“. Geophysical Research Letters 35, Nr. 4 (1. Februar 2008): L04708. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032450.

Ludlow, Francis, Alexander R Stine, Paul Leahy, Enda Murphy, Paul A.. Mayewski, David Taylor, James Killen, Michael G.L.. Baillie, Mark Hennessy, und Gerard Kiely. „Medieval Irish chronicles reveal persistent volcanic forcing of severe winter cold events, 431–1649 CE“. Environmental Research Letters 8, Nr. 2 (2013): 024035. http://stacks.iop.org/1748-9326/8/i=2/a=024035.

Podbregar, Nadja. „Antike Pest: Begünstigt durch Lichtmangel?“ Scinexx, 16. April 2018. http://www.scinexx.de/wissen-aktuell-22629-2018-04-16.html.

Podbregar, Nadja. „Vulkanausbrüche förderten Ende der Antike: Zwei Eruptionen veränderten das Klima vor 1.500 Jahren so stark wie nie seither“. Scinexx, 20. April 2016. http://www.scinexx.de/wissen-aktuell-20095-2016-04-20.html.

Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes. „The Climate of the Khagan - Observations on Palaeoenvironmental Factors in the History of the Avars (6th-9th century)“. In Lebenswelten zwischen Archäologie und Geschichte: Festschrift für Falko Daim zu seinem 65. Geburtstag. Band 2: Teil 2 - [vom lateinischen Mittelalter bis in die Gegenwart], herausgegeben von Jörg Drauschke, Ewald Kislinger, Karin Kühtreiber, Thomas Kühtreiber, Gabriele Scharrer-Liška, und Tivadar Vida. Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum / Monographien des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, 150,1. Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner, 2018.

Rigby, Emma, Melissa Symonds, und Derek Ward-Thompson. „A Comet Impact in AD 536?“ Astronomy and Geophysics 45, Nr. 1 (Februar 2004): 1.23-1.26. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-4004.2003.45123.x.

Schrader, Christopher. „Klimageschichte: Drei Vulkane beendeten die Antike“. Spektrum der Wissenschaft, 9. Februar 2016. http://www.spektrum.de/news/drei-vulkane-beendeten-die-antike/1398776.

Stothers, Richard B., und Michael R. Rampino. „Volcanic Eruptions in the Mediterranean before A.D. 630 from Written and Archaeological Sources“. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 88, Nr. B8 (10. August 1983): 6357–71. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB08p06357.

Toohey, Matthew, Kirstin Krüger, Michael Sigl, Frode Stordal, und Henrik Svensen. „Climatic and Societal Impacts of a Volcanic Double Event at the Dawn of the Middle Ages“. Climatic Change 136, Nr. 3–4 (1. Juni 2016): 401–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1648-7.

„Vulkaneruption in El Salvador verstärkte spätantike Klimakrise“. Archäologie Online, 23. August 2019. https://www.archaeologie-online.de/nachrichten/vulkaneruption-in-el-salvador-verstaerkte-spaetantike-klimakrise-4403/.